A string inverter is a type of solar inverter that connects a group of solar panels—known as a “string” to a single inverter. The inverter converts the electricity generated by the panels from direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) for use in a home or business.

In residential systems, string inverters are one of several commonly used inverter configurations.

How a string inverter works

In a solar system using a string inverter, multiple panels are wired together in a series (a “string”) and connected to one inverter.

The inverter then converts the combined DC electricity from that group of panels into usable AC electricity.

This setup allows a single inverter to manage the output of multiple panels at once, rather than converting power at each individual panel.

Where string inverters fit in a solar system

String inverters are one of several inverter configurations used in solar energy systems.

According to the U.S. Department of Energy, solar systems may use:

• A single inverter that converts electricity from multiple panels

• Multiple smaller inverters connected to individual panels

• Other configurations depending on system design

Each approach is designed to convert solar energy into usable electricity, with different system designs suited to different needs and conditions.

General characteristics of string inverters

String inverters are often described in general terms as:

• Serving a group of panels rather than individual panels

• Converting power from a portion of the solar array

• Offering a balance between centralized and panel-level system designs

Because panels are connected together, the performance of the overall string reflects the combined output of the panels within that group.

String inverters and system performance

In systems where panels are connected in a string, the inverter evaluates the output of the group as a whole.

This means overall production is influenced by the combined performance of the panels in that string, including factors like sunlight exposure and system conditions.

Modern system design and technology can help manage variations in panel performance, but outcomes depend on the specific system setup and environment.

Takeaway

A string inverter connects a group of solar panels to a single device that converts electricity for use in your home. It is one of several common inverter configurations used in solar systems, with system design and performance varying based on layout, conditions, and technology choices.